Abbreviations

• AA aortic annulus
  
• AAD antirrhythmic drugs
  
• AAI demand atrial pacing
  
• ACAB atraumatic coronaiy artery bypass
  
• ACC American College of Cardiologists
  
• ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme
  
• ACS acute coronary syndrome
  
• ADA adenosine deaminase
  
• ADH anti-diuretic hormone
  
• AEG atrial electrical activity
  
• AFB acid-fast bacilli
  
• AFT alpha-feto protein
  
• AHA American Heart Association
  
• AOO asynchronous atrial pacing
  
• APC antigen presenting cells
  
• APTT activated partial thromboplastin time
  
• AR aortic regurgitation
  
• ARB angiotensin II receptor antagonist
  
• ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome
  
• ARVC arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
  
• AS aortic stenosis
  
• ASB assisted spontaneous breathing
  
• ASD atrial septal defect
  
• ATP adenosine triphosphate
  
• AVN atrioventricular node
  
• AVNERP atrio-ventricular nodal effective refractory period
  
• AVNRT atrio-ventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia
  
• AVR aortic valve replacement
  
• AVRT atrio-ventricular reentrant tachycardia
  
• AWCL anterograde Wenckebach cycle length
  
• BAR binary angiographic restenosis
  
• BARI balloon angioplasty revascularization
  
• BCT broad complex tachycardia
  
• BIMA bilateral internal mammary artery
  
• BiPAP biphasic positive pressure ventilation
  
• BiVAD biventricular assist device
  
• BP blood pressure
  
• Ca calcium
  
• CABG coronary arteiy bypass graft
  
• CAD coronary artery disease
  
• CAVH continuous arteriovenous haemofiltration
  
• CCF congestive cardiac failure
  
• CC-TGA congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries
  
• CEA carcinoembryonic antigen
  
• CHB complete heart block
  
• CHF chronic heart failure
  
• CLR culprit lesion revascularization
  
• cm centimetre
  
• CMV controlled mechanical ventilation
  
• COAD chronic obstructive airways disease
  
• COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  
• CPAP continuous positive airway pressure
  
• CPB cardiopulmonary bypass
  
• CPR cardiorespiratory resuscitation
  
• CRT cardiac resynchronization therapy
  
• CS coronary stenosis
  
• CTO chronic total occlusion
  
• CVD cardiovascular disease
  
• CWH continuous venovenous haemofiltration
  
• CXR chest X-ray
  
• DALY disability-adjusted life years
  
• DCM dilated cardiomyopathy
  
• DFT defibrillation threshold
  
• DSWI deep sternal wound infection
  
• DVI dual chamber
  
• DVT deep vein thrombosis
  
• EDV end-diastolic volume
  
• ELISPOT enzyme-linked immunospot
  
• EP electrophysiology
  
• ERP effective refractory period
  
• FAt focal atrial tachycardia
  
• FBC full blood count
  
• Fe iron
  
• FFP fresh frozen plasma
  
• FFR fractional flow reserve
  
• FO fossa ovalis
  
• g gram
  
• GFR glomerular filtration rate
  
• GI gastrointestinal
  
• HCM hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
  
• HF heart failure
  
• HOCM hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
  
• hr hour
  
• IABP intra-aortic balloon pump
  
• IAP incremental atrial pacing
  
• ICD implantable cardiac defibrillator
  
• im intramuscular
  
• IMA internal mammary artery
  
• INPV intermittent negative pressure ventilation
  
• Int intermediate
  
• ITU intensive care unit
  
• iv intravenous
  
• IVC inferior vena cava
  
• IVP incremental ventricular pacing
  
• IVUS intravascular ultrasound
  
• K potassium
  
• kg kilogram
  
• L litre
  
• LA left atrium
  
• LAD left anterior descending coronary artery
  
• LAM left anterior mediastinoscopy
  
• LAO left anterior oblique
  
• LAP left atrial pressure
  
• LCA left coronary artery
  
• LCB left coronary bypass
  
• LFT liver function test
  
• LFV left femoral vein
  
• LIMA left internal mammary artery
  
• LMS left main stem
  
• LPA left pulmonary artery
  
• LQTS long QT syndrome
  
• LSV long saphenous vein
  
• LV left ventricular/ventricle
  
• LV left ventricle
  
• LVAD left ventricular assist device
  
• LVB lateral ventricular branches
  
• LVEDP left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
  
• LVEDV left ventricular end-diastolic volume
  
• LVH left ventricular hypertrophy
  
• MAP mean arterial pressure
  
• mcg microgram
  
• mg milligram
  
• MI myocardial infarction
  
• min minutes
  
• ml millilitre
  
• MLD minimum luminal diameter
  
• mmol millimole
  
• MRA magnetic resonance angiography
  
• MRI magnetic resonance imaging
  
• MV mitral valve
  
• MVR mitral valve replacement
  
• Na sodium
  
• NCD non-communicable disease
  
• NCT narrow complex tachycardia
  
• NIPPV non-invasive intermittent positive pressure ventilation
  
• NO nitric oxide
  
• NSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
  
• NYHA New York Heart Association
  
• OPCAB off-pump coronary artery bypass
  
• PA pulmonary artery
  
• PAP pulmonary artery pressure
  
• PAPVD partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage
  
• PAWP pulmonary artery wedge pressure
  
• PCWP pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
  
• PDA posterior descending artery
  
• PDA patient ductus arteriosus
  
• PDEI phosphodiesterase inhibitors
  
• PE pulmonary embolism
  
• PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure
  
• PET positron emission topography
  
• Plts platelets
  
• PMV percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty
  
• po per os (by mouth)
  
• POBA plain old balloon angioplasty
  
• PPM permanent pacemaker
  
• prn pro re nata (as required)
  
• PS pressure support
  
• PSV pressure support ventilation
  
• PVARP post-ventricular atrial refractory period
  
• PVR peripheral vascular resistance
  
• QCA quantitative coronary analysis
  
• qds quater die sumendus (to be taken 4 times a day)
  
• QIVUS quantitative intravascular ultrasound
  
• RA right atrium
  
• RAM right anterior mediastinoscopy
  
• RAP right atrial pressure
  
• RBB right bundle branch
  
• RBC red blood cell
  
• RCA right coronary artery
  
• RFA radiofrequency ablation
  
• RFV right femoral vein
  
• RHD rheumatic heart disease
  
• RIMA right internal mammary artery
  
• RPA right pulmonary artery
  
• RSPV right superior pulmonary vein
  
• RSV respiratory syncitial virus
  
• RV right ventricle
  
• RVAD right ventricular assist device
  
• RVD reference vessel diameter
  
• RVEDP right ventricular end-diastolic pressure
  
• RVEDV right ventricular end-diastolic volume
  
• RVOT right ventricular outflow tract
  
• RWCL retrograde Wenckebach cycle length
  
• S seconds
  
• SA sinoatrial
  
• SAM systolic anterior motion
  
• SAN sinoatrial node
  
• SC subcutaneous
  
• SCD sudden cardiac death
  
• SIADH syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone secretion
  
• SIMV synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation
  
• SSV short saphenous vein
  
• SV single ventricle
  
• SVC superior vena cava
  
• SWI superficial wound infection
  
• TA truncus arteriosu
  
• TAPVD total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage
  
• TDI tissue Doppler imaging
  
• TOP Torsades des pointes
  
• tds ter die sumendus (to be taken 3 times a day)
  
• TEC transluminal extraction catheter
  
• TGA transposition of the great arteries
  
• TIA transient ischaemic attack
  
• TIF tracheoinnominate fistula
  
• TIVA total intravenous anaethesia
  
• TLR target lesion revascularization
  
• TOE transoesophageal echocardiography
  
• TOF tetralogy of Fallot
  
• TOS tracheoesophagal fistula
  
• TTE transthoracic echocardiography
  
• TV tricuspid valve
  
• TVR target vessel revascularization
  
• U&E urea and electrolytes
  
• U/S ultrasound
  
• URTI upper respiratory tract infection
  
• VAD ventricular assist device
  
• VF ventricular fibrillation
  
• VOO asynchronous ventricular pacing
  
• VPC ventricular premature complexes
  
• VSD ventricular septal defect
  
• VT ventricular tachycardia